SUBJECT: Annotated Bibliography
As a reminder my ARP studies the relationship between gender
disparity in STEM related fields of study in the academic and professional
environments with advertisements that show a gender divide for toys that
integrate the fundamentals of STEM. My primary source is an early advertisement
for an Erector Set, which employs fundamentals of mathematics, physics, and
several areas of engineering for the user to construct a workable object. My
hypothesis is that the advertisements had failed to evolve throughout the years
to include girls as a target audience for the toy, which has led to a loss of
interest for adolescent girls to pursue a degree in a STEM field and subsequently
an oversaturation of males in post-secondary and professional fields of study,
but that recent developments in gender neutral advertisements have created a
positive trend to the contrary.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Effect of Erector Set Advertisements on the Gender Divide in Interest
in STEM Related Fields of Study.
English 1100.01, The Ohio State University, October 8, 2015
Michael Kruse
Litzler,
Elizabeth, Lorah, Julie, and Samuelson, Cate. “Breaking it Down: Engineering
Student STEM Confidence at the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Gender.” Research in Higher Education : Journal of the Association for
Institutional Research 25 Jan. 2013: 810-832. Springer
Link. Web. 21 Mar. 2014.
This peer-reviewed article conducted
a study on the confidence of STEM confidence in post-secondary education by
race and gender. The authors found that women were less confident than men in
their respective STEM majors. While this does not provide a quantitative
measure of gender disparity in STEM fields, it does provide insight into how
confident women are in their STEM academic abilities, and what may attribute to
this, including a “lack of role models and limited encouragement” (814).
Additionally, there is a wealth of resources within the article to further
explore the factors that lead to lower confidence of Women in STEM fields.
Sadler, Philip,
et. al. “Stability and Volatility of STEM Career Interest in High School: A
Gender Study.” Science Education 20
Jun 2011: 411-427. Wiley Periodicals.
Web. 23 Jan 2012.
This peer-reviewed article studies
the interest that girls have in STEM related fields of study throughout high
school. The article mentions the general interest in STEM related fields in
elementary and middle school students which may be of use to my ARP, but its focus
is the decline in interest in STEM fields for adolescent girls in high school.
This statement in particular: “Female students may still experience fewer
opportunities or feel less welcome in science-related clubs and activities”
(424) is of importance to my ARP.
Educational
Attainment: CPS Historical Time Series Tables. Census. United States Census Bureau, 20 Jan 2015. Web. 08 Oct 2015.
The US Census Bureau holds some of
the most complete sets of data for several metrics. Specific to my ARP is the
educational attainment by gender over time. This source is of great use as it
provides both summary and raw data of educational attainment of women compared
to men from 1940 to 2014. As my ARP is focused on ads beginning in the early
and mid 1900’s, this information will be useful to determine the trend of
participation of women in secondary and post-secondary education. While this
information does not include specific fields of study, it will help to show
variance of participation from women to men in post-secondary education in the
past, and the trends of such participation over the last 74 years. There may be
a correlation between participation of women in post-secondary education and
participation of women in STEM related fields of study.
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